Furnace



A. KAIS June 14, 1932.

FURNACE Filed May 14, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet Patented June 14, 1932 UNITED ACHILLE KAIS, OF DETROIT, LEICHIG-AN FURNACE Application filed May 14, 1928.

This invention relates to furnaces and has particular reference to a furnace adapted for the burning of liquid fuel.

An object of this invention is to provide a furnace having a sectional acket or shell and having means for detachably securing the sections of the jacket or shell to each other.

A further object of this invention is to provide a furnace having a novel arrangement of boiler sections, the sections cooperating with each other to effect numerous deflections of the products of combustion and to assure a contact of the products of combustion with all of the boiler sections.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a furnace having a boiler section so constructed as to cause a whirling or cyclonic action of the products of combustion.

Other objects and advantages of this invention will become more apparent as the following description proceeds particularly when reference is had to the accompanying drawings wherein:

Figure 1 is a semi-diagrammatic front elevation a1 view of a furnace constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention, the boiler sections being shown in full lines within the outer jacket or shell;

Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the furnace shown in Figure 1 with half of the outer shell removed;

Figure 3 is a plan view of the base adapted for use in connection with the furnace;

Figure 4 is a top plan View of the lower boiler section used with the furnace;

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 55 of Figure 4;

Figure 6 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 66 of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a detail sectional View of a damper plate adapted to be associated with the boiler section shown in Figure l;

Figure 8 is a plan view of a second boiler section adapted to be associated with the boiler section shown in Figure 4; and

Figure 9 is a plan view of the top or uppermost section.

Referring now particularly to the drawings wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout all Serial No. 277,700.

views, 15 designates generally the furnace. This furnace may be of any desired size and shape and is provided with the outer shell or casing formed of complementary sections, each section being designated by the reference character 16. It will be obvious that any number of sections 16 may be provided but as illustrated it has been found preferable to make each section 16 constitute one half of the shell or casing and as illustrated in Fig ures and 2 of the drawings each section 16 is provided with a plurality of lugs 17 apertured as at 18 to receive suitable tie rods 19. hen the sections are assembled, the tie rods 19 are inserted through the apertures 18 and are then securely fastened in position by suitable fastening members such as the nuts 20 engaging the free ends of the tie rods 19. The tie rods 19 will firmly secure the sections 16 to each other, while permitting ready disassembly of the sections.

Each section 16 may be provided with a plurality of semi-circular openings which when the sections are secured together form the door openings 21 for the furnace. As illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings, four of these door openings may be provided and for three of these door openings suitable doors 22 may be provided. The doors 22 may be provided with the flanges 23 for fitting within the door openings 21. The fourth door opening 21 is adapted to receive the liquid fuel supply pipe 24 terminating in a burner nozzle 25 as will hereinafter be more clearly apparent.

The furnace is adapted to rest upon a suitable supporting base which includes the supporting plate 26 provided with the integral legs 27. The plate 26 is provided centrally with the opening 28 for a purpose hereinafter to be more fully described and is provided peripherally with the flange 29 within which the sections 16 of the furnace casing are adapted to be positioned.

Arranged within the furnace are a plurality of boiler sections each of which may be cast as a unit. The lowermost boiler section 30 includes the lower substantially circular header 31 and the upper substantially rectangular header 32. These headers are connected at their front and rear edges by the arcuate-shaped water legs 33 and 3 1 respectively as will readily be apparent by referonce to Figure 5 of the drawings. The front water leg 33 is provided at a point substantially midway between the upper and lower headers with a cut away portion defined by a plate which projects laterally from the side of the lower boiler section and is adapted to extend through the lower door opening 21 of the furnace.

The upper and lower headers 32 and 31 respectively and the front and rear water legs and 341 form a substantially cylindrical fire box 36 and the lower portion of this fire box is partially enclosed by suitable side plates 37 cast integrally with the rear water leg 33, bottom header 31 and front plate 35. The plate 35 is so shaped as to form an inlet for the liquid fuel discharged from the burner 25 and as clearly illustrated in Figure 2 of the drawings, this burner is so arranged that the flame issuing from the same is deflected by the rear water leg 34 and the front water leg 33 to receive a cyclonic or whirling motion within the lower fire box 36. The flame is confined in the lower part of the fire box 36 by the side plates 37 and may only escape from the fire box 36 above the plates 37 after ithas completed its whirling motion. When the liquid fuel is ignited therefore its expansion causes a. whirling motion of the flame which therefore follows a circuitous path within the fire box 36 and subsequently escapes out of the upper portion of this fire box and around the sides of the upper header 32 and the upper portion of the water legs 33 and 34. If the liquid fuel is not ignited it strikes the rear water leg 34 and drops down to the bottom of the fire box from which it is drained as will be clearly brought out.

The lower header 31 is adapted to project through the opening 28 in the plate 26 and is provided with a threaded opening 38 adapted to receive a fitting 39 for a purpose hereinafter to be more fully described. A flan ed plate 40 is adapted for mounting on the lower header 31 by means of the set screw 11 and as will be readily apparent by reference to Figure 7 of the drawings this plate 410 may be adjusted relative to the underside of the supporting plate to vary the flow of air upwardly through the opening 28 and through the interior of the furnace 15.

The upper header 32 is provided with a threaded opening adapted to receive a suitable pipe 16 which pipe in turn is connected to the second boiler section 47 as at 18. As clearly illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 8 the boiler section 17 comprises the horizontally extending leg 50 into which the pipe section 46 is connected. Arranged at right angles to the horizontally arranged leg 50 is a vertically extending leg 51 and arranged parallel to the leg 50 and in spaced relation to the same are the legs 52. As clearly illustrated, these legs 52 extend through the leg 51 adjacent the ends of the same and are arranged at an angle to the horizontal whereby sloping gas passages 53 are formed between these legs 52 and the leg 50. These gas passages 53 are so arranged as to be in direct alignment with the fiow of the products of combustion from the lower boiler section 30 so that the flame escaping from the lower fire box 36 impinges on the legs 52 and is deflected inwardly and upwardly through the second boiler section 417.

Opening into the upper face of the leg 51 is a short section of pipe which in turn is connected to the uppermost boiler section 61. As illustrated in Figure 9 of the drawings this boiler section is provided with the two horizontally arranged legs 62 connected by a reduced central portion 63 into which the pipe 60 opens. The reduced central portion 63 forms gas passages 64 between the legs 62 whereby the products of combustion passing through the boiler section 1? impinge upon the legs 62 and are deflected inwardly to pass upwardly through the passages 6%.

The boiler section 61 is provided with the top leg 65 which as illustrated, may be substantiall Y rectangular in sha 3e and arran ed transversely of the reduced portion 63 whereby its ends 66 will lie over the gas passages 64:. Thus it will be obvious that the prod nets of combustion passing through the passages 6 l will impinge upon the leg 65 and will be forced to pass around this section in order to escape through the chimney 67 which is connected to the top of the furnace 15.

The steam generated within the boiler sections is conducted to its points of use by means. of the pipe 70 which communicates with the uppermost boiler section 65 and for supplying water to the boiler sections a suitable supply pipe 71 may be provided, which supply pipe is connected at its lower end to a horizontally extending pipe 72 which connects with the nipple 39. A water return pipe from the point of use of the steam conducted through the pipe 70 may also open into the nipple 39 as at 7 3. Any type of valve 74 may be located in the supply pipe 71 and this valve may be either manually actuated or automatically actuated as desired.

By introducing the feed water into the lower header 31, the feed water will be preheated prior to its circulation through the lower boiler section 30. It will be noted that the lower header 31 is arranged below the fire box 36 whereby this header will be relatively cool as compared to the remainder of the boiler section 30. By introducing the feed water into this relatively cool portion of the lower boiler section 30, all danger of cracking the lower boiler section 30 is prevented, since before this water reaches the hot part of this boiler section, it is preheated.

If it is desired to facilitate the preheating of the water in the lower header 31, suitable fins 68 may be formed on the upper wall 69 of the lower header 31, these fins projecting downwardly into the interior of the lower header 31 as will be readily apparent by reference to Figure 5. The fins 68 being in contact at one end with the wall 69 will conduct heat from the interior of the fire box 36 downwardly to preheat the water in the header 31.

In operation the level of the water is usually about midway of the second boiler section 4-7. In order therefore to permit a circulation of the water within the boiler sections, a pipe may connect with the upper header 82 of the lower boiler section, 30, this pipe opening at its free end into a fitting 76 to which is connected a pipe 77' which in turn connects with the pipe 72. Thus water heated to an extremely high temperature in the lower boiler section 30 may circulate throu h this boiler section and through the pipes T5, 77 and 72 as will be readily apparent.

There may be connected with the fitting 76 a suitable water gauge 80, and this water gauge may be connected with any suitable automatic damper control mechanism illustrated generally by the reference character 81.

The invention further contemplates the provision of means for cutting off the supply of liquid fuel in the event that the flame in the fire box 36 is extinguished or in the event that all of the fuel is not being consumed. Accordingly there is provided in the lower boiler section 30 and adjacent the front edge of the same a sump into which any unconsumed fuel from the interior of the fire box 36 will flow. A suitable pipe 86 connects with this sump and opens into a receptacle 87 suspended from a pivoted lever 88, which lever may be adapted to actuate the liquid fuel control valve in any desired manner. Obviously unburned fuel within the fire box 36 will flow into the sump 85 and through the conduit 86 into the receptacle 87 When the fuel in this receptacle reaches a predetermined weight the lever 88 will be swung about its pivot and the liquid fuel supply valve (not shown) will be closed.

For supporting the boiler sections within the furnace, suitable supporting lugs 90 may be cast integral with the lower boiler section 30, these lugs being adapted to rest upon the supporting plate 26 as will be clearly apparent by reference to Figure 2 of the drawings. The lower boiler section 30 may also be provided with suitable lugs 91 adapted to support fire bricks 92 adjacent the lower door openings 21. Also if desired suitable lugs 93 may be formed on the sections 16 of the furnace shell to support fire bricks 94 adjacent the upper door openings 21. The fire and disassembled. This facilitates shipment of the furnace and also facilitates a ready access to the interior of the furnace for re pairing the boiler sections.

' Liquid f-ue'l introduced'into the lower fire box 36 is ignited within this fire box and the flame is deflected by the water legs and headers of this fire box to assume a cyclonic =cours'e.- The fianie'escapes from the sides of the upper portion of the lower fire box to impinge on the water legs 50 and 52=by which itis deflected to impinge on the water legs (32 of the boiler section 61. The 'fi'ame'lpasses through the passages 6a of the boiler section 61 and impinges on the ends of the boiler section 65 around which it must pass to escape through the chimney 67. 7'

Vhile one form of the invention has been "described with considerable detail, it is to be clearly understood that the description is for the purposes of illustration only and isnot definitive of the limits of the inventive idea.

within "the purview of the attached-claims.

What I claim as my invention .is':

1. A furnace including in combination, tan outer shell, and a plurality ofsuperposed cast boiler sections within said shell in the path of the flow of the products of combus tion through the said shell, one of said sections including a horizontally arranged water leg, a vertically extending water leg crossing said horizontally arranged leg, and a plurality of water legs carried by said vertically extending leg and arranged at an angle to the horizontal to deflect the flow of the products of combustion through the said shell.

2. A furnace including in combination, an outer shell, and a plurality of superposed cast boiler sections within said shell in the ranged water legs being positioned in spaced 1 parallel relation to the said horizontally arranged water leg to form passages with the same through which the products of coinbustion fioW.

3. In a furnace, a supporting plate having an opening, a boiler section supported on The right is therefore reserved to make such changes mthe details ofconstruction and arrangemento'f parts as will fall said plate and having a header projecting through said opening and a damper plate carried b said header for closing said opening, sai damper plate being adjustably mounted whereby its relation to the opening in the supporting plate may be varied.

4. In a furnace, a cylindrical firebox having its axis disposed in a substantially horizontal plane, said firebox providing a combustion chamber substantially circular in cross sectional shape, and a liquid fuel burner arranged to discharge into said firebox tangentially to the inner surface thereof and adjacent the bottom thereof whereby prodnets of combustion from said burner will be given a cyclonic movement within said combustion chamber and about a substantially horizontal axis.

5. In a furnace, a boiler section forming a cylindrical firebox, the inner surface of which defines a combustion chamber substantially circular in cross sectional shape, the axis of said firebox being disposed in a substantially horizontal plane, and a liquid fuel burner arranged to discharge into-said firebox below the axis thereof and tangentially to the inner surface thereof.

6. In a furnace, a boiler section providing a cylindrical firebox having its axis disposed in a substantially horizontal plane, lates closing the lower sides of the ends 0 said firebox, and a liquid fuel burner arranged to discharge into said firebox tangentially to the inner surface thereof and adjacent the bottom thereof.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

ACHILLE KAIS. 

